We continue our publications for 2026 with a short article inspired by a recent acquisition: a Bronze Medal for Military Valor. Through it, we seek to recall the young officer who earned it one hundred and eleven years ago.
Aldo Estrafallaces was born on 3 September 1893 in Lecce, the son of Adolfo and Clori Mainardi.
His father, born in 1856, was an officer in the administrative corps of the Royal Italian Army. Rising from the ranks of the non-commissioned officers, he had served with various units stationed in different cities across the Peninsula.
From at least the spring of 1894, Adolfo Estrafallaces was serving at the Military District of Lecce. In May of that year he distinguished himself in an act of bravery that earned him the Bronze Medal for Civil Valor, awarded with the following citation:
“On 27 May 1894, in Lecce, he confronted and succeeded in disarming, after a fierce struggle, a madman who had already wounded four persons with a sabre.”
In subsequent years the family moved to other towns before finally returning to Lecce, where they settled permanently. Adolfo would later retire from the army with the rank of major and embark upon a career in the wine trade, being regularly listed in the Annuario Vinicolo d’Italia until the 1920s.
Aldo thus returned to Lecce as a child. He completed his schooling there and enrolled at the Royal Technical Institute “Oronzo Gabriele Costa” from which he graduated. Determined to pursue a military career, he entered the Academy of Turin, assigned to the artillery branch. By Royal Decree of 20 November 1913, he was appointed Second Lieutenant of Artillery.
From 22 August 1914 he was posted to the 24th Field Artillery Regiment as a student officer of the first course at the School of Application for Artillery and Engineers. A few months later he was transferred to the 13th Field Artillery Regiment, headquartered in Rome.
With that regiment he was mobilised in the spring of 1915. From the outset of the war, the young officer served in the Lower Isonzo sector. From the summer of 1915 onward, the batteries of the group to which Estrafallaces was assigned were deployed in the sector of San Pier d’Isonzo (then also known as San Pietro all’Isonzo), in the rear of the Redipuglia–Polazzo positions.
It was the same bloody sector where, in those very weeks, countless tragic and heroic episodes unfolded—some of which have been recounted on this blog, such as the stories of Second Lieutenant Umberto Desderi and Colonel Mario Robert.
In this difficult area of the frontline, Aldo Estrafallaces quickly proved his worth and earned the esteem of his superiors. Initially recommended for the Silver Medal by his group commander, he was ultimately awarded, as published in the Bulletin of 4 December 1915, the Bronze Medal for Military Valor with the following citation:
“While the battery was subjected to violent and accurately directed artillery fire, heedless of danger, he moved along the gun line concerned solely with the functioning of the battery and the protection of the gun crews. — San Pietro all’Isonzo, 2 July 1915.”
He was subsequently promoted to the rank of lieutenant by decree of 9 September 1915.
On 3 November 1915, the commander of the 13th Regiment, Colonel Ferrario, wrote of his young subordinate:“Lieutenant Estrafallaces has already been proposed by me for the Bronze Medal for his steadfast conduct in a battery which he was able to keep calmly in regular action under the accurate fire of enemy 305mm guns. He was subsequently recommended for the Silver Medal by his Group Commander for several most daring reconnaissances.
Now another fact brings his value to light and prompts the present recommendation, long in my mind. Yesterday the first battery was subjected to violent and extremely accurate enemy fire of medium and small calibre, shell and shrapnel. Despite this, the battery not only did not cease firing, responding to the appeals of the nearby Division heavily engaged in the trenches, but intensified its fire the more intense the enemy’s storm became. Lieutenant Estrafallaces was directing the guns.
Moreover, I must add that, owing to recent circumstances (his battery commander having long been ill and only recently replaced), much of the credit for the firm discipline of the battery is his. It was he who formed it about a year ago at Nettuno; since then he has devoted himself to it with love and constancy, living always among his soldiers, who are deeply devoted to him.
All this, together with his seriousness, technical competence, devotion to study and to service, constitutes precisely that ensemble of qualities in keeping with the spirit of the Supreme Command’s circular. I therefore propose him, also in the interest of the service, for promotion by selection to captain for war merit.”
Thus, at a very young age, Aldo Estrafallaces stood on the threshold of attaining the rank of captain. These satisfactions, however, would last only a few days.
During the bombardments preceding the opening of the Fourth Battle of the Isonzo, the brilliant officer, still commanding his battery, was struck in the head by a shrapnel ball. Carried off the field by his men, he was rapidly transported to Field Hospital No. 86.
On 8 November, Major Alfredo Cannoniere, Aldo’s immediate superior, wrote to his father:
“Esteemed Colleague, with a heart oppressed by the deepest sorrow, I inform you that your Aldo, my dearest and best officer, was wounded in the head by a shrapnel ball on the 6th instant on the Carso. The wound is grave, yet there is hope of saving him; and besides the doctors’ care, the prayers of all the officers and soldiers of the group who adore him will help sustain his life.
Your son, my finest officer, has been proposed for a Bronze Medal and for promotion to captain for war merit. I am certain he will obtain all and enjoy within his family the honours he has deserved. He is presently in hospital; his orderly does not leave him for a moment. The officers of the Group go constantly to visit him. At the hospital there is Captain Za, who knows you and is taking an interest in brave Aldo. I shall keep you informed.
I did not telegraph so as not to cause you sudden anguish. Take courage and trust in God, in your son’s health and strength. Whatever may happen, accept my congratulations for your son, who is a rare officer of other times. I love him as my own son. A handshake, your devoted colleague, Alfredo Cannoniere.”
Two days later Captain Giovanni Za, serving at Field Hospital No. 86, also wrote to Major Estrafallaces:
“Most esteemed Major, as you have learned from previous notices, your dear Aldo is hospitalised at this Field Hospital No. 86, where I serve as Administrative Captain. He was wounded some days ago in the head and his condition is slightly improving. Given the acquaintance my late father had with you, I have made it my duty to write to you.
I remain constantly at the bedside of your beloved son, lavishing upon him more than fraternal care. Everything science can offer has been and will be done, all the more so since His Royal Highness the Duke of Aosta takes a lively interest in this most valiant and intelligent officer: he has come to visit him and daily sends to inquire after his condition.
Be calm and have faith in Him who can do all.”
Aldo lingered between life and death for several days, until the evening of 13 November. He died in the arms of his father.
Contemporary press reports noted that his only consolation to his family was that his father had been able to assist him in his final days. Escorted by his gun, by his grieving father, and by his superiors, he was buried—at the express wish of his commander—in the cemetery at San Pietro all’Isonzo, while the whistling of enemy shells echoed the words of praise spoken in his memory. He was twenty-four years old.
In April 1916, five months after his death, he was posthumously awarded a further Bronze Medal for Military Valor for his conduct on 30 July 1915 at San Pietro all’Isonzo, with the following citation:
“Deputy battery commander, at a crucial moment of the engagement, setting an example of calm steadfastness, he maintained uninterrupted and precise fire from his guns while seven 305mm shells fell upon the battery’s position. — San Pietro all’Isonzo, 30 July 1915.”
It is precisely this Bronze Medal that prompted the present article, which we dedicate to the memory of this brave and unfortunate officer.
By Niccolò F.









